Racial and Ethnic Disparities: A Population-Based Examination of Risk Factors for Involvement with Child Protective Services

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Autor/inn/en	Putnam-Hornstein, Emily; Needell, Barbara; King, Bryn; Johnson-Motoyama, Michelle
Titel	Racial and Ethnic Disparities: A Population-Based Examination of Risk Factors for Involvement with Child Protective Services
Quelle	In: Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, 37 (2013) 1, S.33-46 (14 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0145-2134
DOI	10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.08.005
Schlagwörter	Child Abuse; Risk; Foster Care; African American Children; Race; Referral; Racial Differences; Mothers; Ethnicity; Victims; Child Welfare; Law Enforcement; Whites; Socioeconomic Status; Health; Hispanic Americans; Social Influences; Political Influences; Environmental Influences; Family (Sociological Unit); California + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Abuse of children; Abuse; Child; Children; Kindesmissbrauch; Missbrauch; Kind; Kinder; Risiko; Pflegehilfe; African Americans; Afroamerikaner; Rasse; Abstammung; Rassenunterschied; Mother; Mutter; Ethnizität; Victim; Opfer; Kindeswohl; Gesetzesvollzug; White; Weißer; Socio-economic status; Sozioökonomischer Status; Gesundheit; Hispanic; Hispanoamerikaner; Sozialer Einfluss; Political influence; Politischer Einfluss; Environmental influence; Umwelteinfluss; Familie; Kalifornien
Abstract	Objective: Data from the United States indicate pronounced and persistent racial/ethnic differences in the rates at which children are referred and substantiated as victims of child abuse and neglect. In this study, we examined the extent to which aggregate racial differences are attributable to variations in the distribution of individual and family-level risk factors. Methods: This study was based on the full population of children born in California in 2002. Birth records were linked to child protective service (CPS) records to identify all children referred for maltreatment by age 5. Generalized linear models were used to compute crude and adjusted racial/ethnic differences in children's risk of referral, substantiation, and entry to foster care. Results: As expected, stark differences between Black and White children emerged in the rates of contact with CPS. Black children were more than twice as likely as White children to be referred for maltreatment, substantiated as victims, and enter foster care before age 5. Yet, there were also significant differences across racial/ethnic groups in the distribution of socioeconomic and health factors strongly correlated with child maltreatment and CPS involvement. After adjusting for these differences, low socioeconomic Black children had a lower risk of referral, substantiation, and entry to foster care than their socioeconomically similar White counterparts. Among Latinos, before adjusting for other factors, children of U.S.-born mothers were significantly more likely than White children to experience system contact, while children of foreign-born mothers were less likely to be involved with CPS. After adjusting for socioeconomic and health indicators, the relative risk of referral, substantiation, and foster care entry was significantly lower for Latino children (regardless of maternal nativity) compared to White children. Conclusions: Race and ethnicity is a marker for a complex interaction of economic, social, political, and environmental factors that influence the health of individuals and communities. This analysis indicates that adjusting for child and family-level risk factors is necessary to distinguish race-specific effects (which may reflect system, worker, or resource biases) from socioeconomic and health indicators associated with maltreatment risk. Identifying the independent effects of these factors is critical to developing effective strategies for reducing racial disparities. (Contains 4 tables and 3 figures.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10