Distinct Patterns of Brain Function in Children with Isolated Spelling Impairment: New Insights

Autor/inn/en	Gebauer, Daniela; Enzinger, Christian; Kronbichler, Martin; Schurz, Matthias; Reishofer, Gernot; Koschutnig, Karl; Kargl, Reinhard; Purgstaller, Christian; Fazekas, Franz; Fink, Andreas
Titel	Distinct Patterns of Brain Function in Children with Isolated Spelling Impairment: New Insights
Quelle	In: Neuropsychologia, 50 (2012) 7, S.1353-1361 (9 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0028-3932
DOI	10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.02.020
Schlagwörter	Spelling; Integrity; Brain; Reading Difficulties; Children; Adolescents; Diagnostic Tests; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Orthographic Symbols; Decision Making; Task Analysis; Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence; Serial Learning; Cognitive Processes; Control Groups; Language Processing; Neurological Impairments + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Schreibweise; Integrität; Gehirn; Reading difficulty; Leseschwierigkeit; Child; Kind; Kinder; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Diagnostic test; Diagnostischer Test; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Aufgabenanalyse; Serielles Lernen; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Sprachverarbeitung; Neurodegenerative Erkrankung
Abstract	Studies investigating reading and spelling difficulties heavily focused on the neural correlates of reading impairments, whereas spelling impairments have been largely neglected so far. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate brain structure and function of children with isolated spelling difficulties. Therefore, 31 children, aged ten to 15 years, were investigated by means of functional MRI and DTI. This study revealed that children with isolated spelling impairment exhibit a stronger right hemispheric activation compared to children with reading and spelling difficulties "and" controls, when engaged in an orthographic decision task, presumably reflecting a highly efficient serial grapheme-phoneme decoding compensation strategy. In addition, children with spelling impairment activated bilateral inferior and middle frontal gyri during processing correctly spelled words and misspelled words, whereas the other two groups showed bilateral activation only in the misspelled condition, suggesting that additional right frontal engagement could be related to generally higher task demand and effort. DTI analyses revealed stronger frontal white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy) in controls (compared to spelling "and" reading impaired children), whereas no structural differences between controls and spelling impaired children were observed. (Contains 5 figures and 2 tables.) (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10