Parental Socioeconomic Status and Risk of Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Swedish Population-Based Study

Autor/inn/en	Rai, Dheeraj; Lewis, Glyn; Lundberg, Michael; Araya, Ricardo; Svensson, Anna; Dalman, Christina; Carpenter, Peter; Magnusson, Cecilia
Titel	Parental Socioeconomic Status and Risk of Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Swedish Population-Based Study
Quelle	In: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51 (2012) 5, S.467-476 (10 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0890-8567
DOI	10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.012
Schlagwörter	Psychiatric Services; Socioeconomic Status; Mental Retardation; Autism; Health Conditions; Pregnancy; Foreign Countries; Epidemiology; Children; Health Services; Mothers; Developmental Disabilities; Individual Characteristics; Sweden + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Psychiatric care; Psychiatrische Versorgung; Socio-economic status; Sozioökonomischer Status; Geistige Behinderung; Autismus; Schwangerschaft; Ausland; Epidemiologie; Child; Kind; Kinder; Health service; Gesundheitsdienst; Gesundheitswesen; Mother; Mutter; Entwicklungsstörung; Personality characteristic; Personality traits; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Schweden
Abstract	Objective: Epidemiological studies in the United States consistently find autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to be overrepresented in high socioeconomic status (SES) families. These findings starkly contrast with SES gradients of many health conditions, and may result from SES inequalities in access to services. We hypothesized that prenatal measures of low, not high, parental SES would be associated with an increased risk of offspring ASD, once biases in case ascertainment are minimized. Method: We tested this hypothesis in a population-based study in Sweden, a country that has free universal healthcare, routine screening for developmental problems, and thorough protocols for diagnoses of ASD. In a case-control study nested in a total population cohort of children aged 0 to 17 years living in Stockholm County between 2001 and 2007 (N = 589,114), we matched ASD cases (n = 4,709) by age and sex to 10 randomly selected controls. We retrieved parental SES measures collected at time of birth by record linkage. Results: Children of families with lower income, and of parents with manual occupations (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.3-1.6) were at higher risk of ASD. No important relationships with parental education were observed. These associations were present after accounting for parental ages, migration status, parity, psychiatric service use, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and birth characteristics; and regardless of comorbid intellectual disability. Conclusions: Lower, not higher, socioeconomic status was associated with an increased risk of ASD. Studies finding the opposite may be underestimating the burden of ASD in lower SES groups. (Contains 1 figure and 7 tables.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10