Developmental Change in Proactive Interference across the Life Span: Evidence from Two Working Memory Tasks

Autor/inn/en	Loosli, Sandra V.; Rahm, Benjamin; Unterrainer, Josef M.; Weiller, Cornelius; Kaller, Christoph P.
Titel	Developmental Change in Proactive Interference across the Life Span: Evidence from Two Working Memory Tasks
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 50 (2014) 4, S.1060-1072 (13 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/a0035231
Schlagwörter	Short Term Memory; Older Adults; Task Analysis; Interference (Language); Children; Adolescents; Young Adults; Age Differences; Error Patterns; Reaction Time; Developmental Stages; Cognitive Ability; Questionnaires; German; Language Tests; Vocabulary Skills; Foreign Countries; Measures (Individuals); Pictorial Stimuli; Correlation; Scores; Germany; Beck Depression Inventory + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Älterer Erwachsener; Aufgabenanalyse; Child; Kind; Kinder; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Young adult; Junger Erwachsener; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Fehlertyp; Reaktionsvermögen; Denkfähigkeit; Fragebogen; Deutscher; Language test; Sprachtest; Aktiver Wortschatz; Ausland; Messdaten; Fantasieanregung; Korrelation; Deutschland
Abstract	Working memory (WM) as the ability to temporarily maintain and manipulate various kinds of information is known to be affected by proactive interference (PI) from previously relevant contents, but studies on developmental changes in the susceptibility to PI are scarce. In the present study, we investigated life span development of item-specific PI. To this end, 92 individuals between the ages of 8 and 74 years completed a recent-probes task and an n-back task that both composed experimental manipulations of PI. Regarding global WM development, young adults had higher WM performance than children and older adults in both tasks. Significant PI × Age interactions revealed that susceptibility to PI changed over the life span in both tasks, whereas the developmental course of PI differed between the tasks: Children committed more PI-related errors than young adults in the recent-probes task but showed marginally less PI in the n-back task. Regarding reaction time costs, children did not differ from adults in the recent-probes task and were less affected than adults in the n-back. Older adults showed more PI-related errors than young adults in both tasks. Therefore, as expected, item-specific PI changed over the life span with the young adults being less susceptible to PI than children and older adults. The diverging developmental effects of PI across both tasks, especially in the children, are supposed to reflect different causes for the difficulties regarding resisting PI in children and older adults. These might concern differently developed underlying cognitive processes such as inhibition or recollection, or different responses to task demands across both tasks. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01