The Association of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Socioeconomic Disadvantage: Alternative Explanations and Evidence

Autor/inn/en	Russell, Ginny; Ford, Tamsin; Rosenberg, Rachel; Kelly, Susan
Titel	The Association of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Socioeconomic Disadvantage: Alternative Explanations and Evidence
Quelle	In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55 (2014) 5, S.436-445 (10 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0021-9630
DOI	10.1111/jcpp.12170
Schlagwörter	Foreign Countries; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Disadvantaged; Socioeconomic Status; Children; Poverty; Housing; Mothers; Parent Background; Educational Attainment; Family Income; One Parent Family; Parent Child Relationship; Family Problems; United Kingdom + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Ausland; Socio-economic status; Sozioökonomischer Status; Child; Kind; Kinder; Armut; Unterkunft; Mother; Mutter; Elternhaus; Bildungsabschluss; Bildungsgut; Familieneinkommen; Single parent family; Ein-Eltern-Familie; Parents-child relationship; Parent-child-relation; Parent-child relationship; Eltern-Kind-Beziehung; Familienkrise; Großbritannien
Abstract	Background: Studies throughout Northern Europe, the United States and Australia have found an association between childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and family socioeconomic disadvantage. We report further evidence for the association and review potential causal pathways that might explain the link. Methods: Secondary analysis of a UK birth cohort (the Millennium Cohort Study, "N" = 19,519) was used to model the association of ADHD with socioeconomic disadvantage and assess evidence for several potential explanatory pathways. The case definition of ADHD was a parent-report of whether ADHD had been identified by a medical doctor or health professional when children were 7 years old. Results: ADHD was associated with a range of indicators of social and economic disadvantage including poverty, housing tenure, maternal education, income, lone parenthood and younger motherhood. There was no evidence to suggest childhood ADHD was a causal factor of socioeconomic disadvantage: income did not decrease for parents of children with ADHD compared to controls over the 7-year study period. No clinical bias towards labelling ADHD in low SES groups was detected. There was evidence to suggest that parent attachment/family conflict mediated the relationship between ADHD and SES. Conclusion: Although genetic and neurological determinants may be the primary predictors of difficulties with activity level and attention, aetiology appears to be influenced by socioeconomic situation. (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10