Introducing the Three Rs into Secondary Schools, Universities and Continuing Education Programmes: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Use in Science

Autor/inn/en	Holloway, M.; Berggren, E.; Dura, A.; Whelan, M.; Gribaldo, L.
Institution	European Commission (Belgium), Joint Research Centre (JRC)
Titel	Introducing the Three Rs into Secondary Schools, Universities and Continuing Education Programmes: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Use in Science
Quelle	(2021), (40 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Monographie
ISSN	1018-5593
ISBN	978-92-76-29426-9
DOI	10.2760/225875
Schlagwörter	Foreign Countries; Educational Policy; Animals; Ethics; Scientific Research; Science Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Continuing Education; Science Laboratories; Science Curriculum; Masters Programs; Interdisciplinary Approach; Student Educational Objectives; European Union + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Ausland; Politics of education; Bildungspolitik; Animal; Tier; Tiere; Ethik; Naturwissenschaftliche Bildung; Sekundarbereich; Hochschulbildung; Hochschulsystem; Hochschulwesen; Weiterbildung; Magister course; Magisterstudiengang; Fächerübergreifender Unterricht; Fächerverbindender Unterricht; Interdisziplinarität
Abstract	This report targets decision-makers and influencers within education systems who contribute to policy-making at European, Member State or local level, and who stimulate and facilitate the development and uptake of new educational content and resources. According to the latest EU statistics 9.39 million animals were used in research and testing in 2017. A similar number of laboratory animals were bred for science but never actually used. Although in recent years the numbers have declined, there is a long way to go before the EU's goal of eliminating animal-use in science is reached. In the European Union, Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes fully embraces the principles of the Three Rs, to Replace, Reduce and Refine the use of animals for experimental or educational purposes. The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) undertakes a number of initiatives to improve knowledge sharing on the Three Rs to encourage their uptake and implementation. In 2016 the JRC conducted a study to identify existing Three Rs knowledge sources and to understand how they are used and shared (Holley et al., 2016). One of the key findings was that Three Rs knowledge sharing could be enhanced through the development of targeted education and training initiatives and resources, and a subsequent study was conducted to map and characterise the already existing ones worldwide. A main conclusion was that, although Three Rs courses and resources are abundant, there is a need to further complement and amplify current education and training opportunities, both at the level of secondary school and higher education. Another related study undertaken focused on how to incorporate the Three Rs and related teaching material into the curriculum of schools and universities. This report is based on the knowledge and input gathered from a variety of expert sources and intends not only to provide the 'business case' for introducing the Three Rs into curricula and education programmes, but also suggests how this can be achieved using different means. It includes examples of learning scenarios and teaching resources to both inspire and facilitate action. [This work was supported in part through funds kindly made available by the European Parliament.] (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	European Commission. Available from: EU Bookshop. e-mail: bookshop@publications.europa.eu; Web site: http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/home/
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01