Publicly-provided services and the distribution of resources.

Autor/inn/en	Marical, Francois; D'Ercole, Marco Mira; Vaalavuo, Maria; Verbist, Gerlinde
Institution	OECD
Titel	Publicly-provided services and the distribution of resources. Gefälligkeitsübersetzung: Staatliche Dienstleistungen und die Verteilung von Ressoucen.
Quelle	Paris (2006), 59 S.; 841 KB PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Link als defekt meldenVerfügbarkeit
Reihe	OECD social, employment and migration working papers. 45
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Monographie; Graue Literatur
Schlagwörter	Bildungssystem; Gesundheitswesen; Einkommensunterschied; Verteilungsgerechtigkeit; Wohnungsbaupolitik; Einkommensverteilung; Staatliche Dienstleistung; Verteilungseffekt; Öffentliche Ausgaben; Sozialwesen; Internationaler Vergleich; Arbeitspapier; Auswirkung; Haushaltseinkommen; OECD-Staaten
Abstract	"This report looks at the effects on the distribution of household income of those government-provided services that confer a personal benefit to users. While most of the comparative evidence of the size and evolution of income inequalities in OECD countries relies on the concept of household disposable income, integrating the effects of these government services is important for both conceptual and practical reasons: first, as the tax burden levied on households represent a deduction from their disposable income, it is important to account for the services which governments provide to households through these taxes; and second, because of the large differences across countries in the share of cash transfers and in-kind services to households within government spending. After reviewing findings from previous research, the report presents estimates of the impact of government services on the static distribution of household income. These estimates rely on two different approaches; the first, based on micro records from household surveys for 18 OECD countries, considers the effect of government services for health, education and social housing; the second, based on grouped income data by deciles, extends this analysis - based on a set of simplifying assumptions - to 26 OECD countries and to a larger set of expenditure categories. While the two approaches lead to different numerical results, some consistent patterns are also evident: - First, public expenditure for the provision of social services significantly narrows income inequality. While there are differences across programmes, this effect mainly results from a relatively uniform distribution of these services across the population rather than from their targeted nature. - Second, cross-country differences in income inequality decline when looking at the inter-quintile share ratio, a measure that is more sensitive to the two extremes of the distribution, but much less when using the Gini coefficient, an indicator that is more sensitive to the middle of the distribution. - Third, the consideration of public services does not lead to major changes in the ranking of different countries. In other words, OECD countries with a more unequal distribution of disposable income are also more unequal after considering public services. Overall, these results show that conventional income-based measures overstate levels of underlying inequality - although the data to hand do not allow one to assess how changes in the provision of government in-kind services have affected trends in income inequality over time. The results underscore the importance of accounting more systematically for the distributive effects of government services when assessing how policies in different domains affect social and economic goals, the possible trade-offs between them, and the overall degree of inequality within society." Die Untersuchung enthält quantitative Daten. Forschungsmethode: empirisch-quantitativ; empirisch. Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 2000 bis 2003. (author's abstract, IAB-Doku).
Erfasst von	Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Nürnberg
Update	2007/3